5 Country Leaders at 1994 OPEC

5 Country Leaders at 1994 OPEC

Summit The 1994 APEC summit was held in Bogor which was attended by many world leaders, prime ministers and presidents including South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Singapore, United States, Thailand, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Philippines, Taiwan, Mexico , New Zealand, Australia, Chile, China, Hong Kong and Canada. The APEC Summit which is held aims to increase cooperation in various fields such as investment, trade, economy, infrastructure, human resource development, MSMEs, and technological improvement. 1994 was one of Indonesia’s golden years, where Indonesia played a very important role as a country with a strong economy in the Southeast Asia region, which was also nicknamed the “Asian Tiger”. At this meeting, Indonesia as the host introduced batik to the world by wearing batik by the participants of this summit. The fashion designer appointed as the official designer of this summit is the Indonesian Batik Maestro, Iwan Tirta. Each leader of the country wears written batik with different motives from one another, and it is said that each of these motifs was made by looking at the state of each country and its conditions at that time. The following are 5 leaders of the countries participating in the 1994 APEC Summit summarized into one framework.

1. Soeharto

The President of Indonesia who has been in power for more than three decades is nicknamed the Father of Indonesian Development, where he has done a lot of physical and infrastructure development. In his hands, Indonesia has become one of the respected countries in the Southeast Asia region due to surges and developments in many fields such as economy, politics, technology and culture. As you can see in the picture, Suharto is standing next to Bill Clinton’s right, wearing a Semen Gurdo batik motif. The motif of the cement gurdo symbolizes many aspects, such as the relationship between the life-giving sun (with its Garuda symbol), the tree of life as a symbol of growth, the mahameru mountain and the running plants and animals. Cement in Javanese is the meaning of life in bloom, a sign of life on earth, and this motif is also the royal garment of the Yogyakarta Palace. It can be concluded that the gurdo cement motif used by Suharto has a noble and high meaning, especially if it is related to his role as the host of the 1994 APEC Summit, where Indonesia can be symbolized as a place or place for exchange of benefits (life) which is also interpreted as investment and the economy. developed countries that can bring Indonesia to become a developed country.

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2. Bill Clinton

Bill Clinton is the 42nd President of the United States, elected for two consecutive terms from 1993-2001. He is also the husband of the former candidate for President of the United States, Hillary Clinton, who in the last election lost to Donald Trump. The man who was born 73 years ago is a loyalist of the US Democratic Party. He is also known to have graduated from the Law School of Georgetown, Oxford, and Yale Universities. Before being elected in 1993, Bill Clinton was the Governor of Arkansas. Seen in the picture, Bill Clinton (center) attended the 1994 APEC Summit in Bogor. You can see Bill Clinton wearing a sogan black batik with a Phoenix Bird motif. The phoenix motif is known to be a motif from Chinese ancestors, where the phoenix bird comes from the word feng huang. This motif was first introduced as decoration during the time of Emperor Huang Ti. When worn, metaphorically, the phoenix has several meanings. The head symbolizes virtue, while the wings represent responsibility. His back is a good deed, his chest is humanity. The phoenix in ancient times was also the king of all kinds of birds.

3. Tomoiichi Murayama

Tomoiichi Murayama was the Prime Minister of Japan from 1994-1996. He is the leader of the Japanese Socialist Party. He is also famous for his speech “The 50th Anniversary of World War is Over”, in which he apologized on behalf of the Japanese Empire, for having claimed so many victims during World War II. Of the 10 former Prime Ministers who are still alive, he is the oldest, which is 96 years. His career began when Tomiichi was elected secretary of the labor association at the company where he worked, and entered as a member of the Japanese Socialist Party. Then he became at Oita City Hall three consecutive terms, and became Mayor of Oita also three times in a row, which in 1972 was elected to the Japanese parliament. It seems that Japan was also present at the 1994 APEC Summit in the presence of Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama as an official delegation. Tomiichi (far right) is seen wearing a light brown sogan batik with the Satrio Manah motif. Satrio Manah can be described as someone aiming an arrow, because there is something he wants or wants to achieve. Satrio Manah is usually used by the guardian of the groom when applying for the bride, with the hope that his proposal will be accepted.

4. Mahathir Mohamad

Dr. Tun Mahathir Mohamad was the Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1981-2001, and continued in 2018-2020, where he was named the oldest leader in the world when he was inaugurated at the age of 92 years, 304 days in his second reign. The husband of Siti Hazmah and the father of 7 children is also named the Father of Modernization of Malaysia. His activities in Malaysian politics are never in doubt, along with his many career and experiences. Starting his life by becoming a graduate of the Faculty of Medicine at King Edward VII College (now the National University of Singapore, and starting to be elected as a member of parliament from Kota Setar Selatan from the UMNO Party in 1969. Then in 1974, he was elected as Minister of Education under the Razak regime. In 1976, Prime Minister Razak died and was replaced by his deputy Hussein Onn, who in the same year the Prime Minister chose Mahathir as Deputy Prime Minister. Seen in the picture (second from left), Mahathir is the official delegation from Malaysia, who at the time He served as Prime Minister, attending the APEC Summit in Bogor in 1994. At that time Mahathir wore a dark batik sogan with the Ksatrian Boketan motif. This motif is characterized by its symmetrical shape and neat diagonal lines. This motif contains two elements, Ksatrian and Boketan. is a motif that is widely used by the Yogyakarta Palace to accompany the bride and groom to sit on Golden chariot. This motif is also usually inserted in a prayer so that the wearer will behave like a knight. Meanwhile, boketan comes from the word bouquet or bouquet which means flower in French or Dutch. This boketan batik motif is also shaped like a flower and implies beauty and gentleness.

5. Kim Young Sam

Kim Young Sam is the 7th President of South Korea who served from 1993-1998. Born on December 20, 1927 and died on November 22, 2015, Young Sam is one of the most respected South Korean politicians. He was the first civilian to hold office as president at that time, which is usually the military that dominates. Famous for his policies that are very anti-corruption and detained two previous South Korean Presidents for corruption. Starting his political career in 1974 as the New Democrat Party, Young Sam is also a true activist, where many accommodate and provide legal assistance to some workers who are treated unfairly by his company. He was also under house arrest, where Young Sam, who was then in opposition to the government, because he was expelled from political activities due to his loud protests during the 1979 military coup. As an official delegation of South Korea, President Kim Young Sam attended the 1994 APEC Summit in Bogor on official invitation from the Government of Indonesia. seen wearing a dark batik patterned Parang Seling Kembang. Parang Seling means the user who is tough in every challenge of life. Where intermittent is described as waves or trials where the wearer will be a formidable person in every event in his life, and flowers are ornaments that reflect beauty and tenderness and beauty.